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carbon fixation
Carbon fixation or сarbon assimilation refers to the conversion process of inorganic carbon (carbon dioxide) to organic compounds by living organisms. The most prominent example is photosynthesis, although chemosynthesis is another form of carbon fixation that can take place in the absence of sunlight. Organisms that grow by fixing carbon are called autotrophs. Autotrophs include photoautotrophs, which synthesize organic compounds using the energy of sunlight, and lithoautotrophs, which synthesize organic compounds using the energy of inorganic oxidation. Heterotrophs are organisms that grow using the carbon fixed by autotrophs. The organic compounds are used by heterotrophs to produce energy and to build body structures. "Fixed carbon", "reduced carbon", and "organic carbon" are equivalent terms for various organic compounds.〔
==Net vs gross CO2 fixation==
It is estimated that approximately 258 billion tons of carbon dioxide are converted by photosynthesis annually. The majority of the fixation occurs in marine environments, especially areas of high nutrients. The gross amount of carbon dioxide fixed is much larger since approximately 40% is consumed by respiration following photosynthesis.〔Geider, R. J., et al., "Primary productivity of planet earth: biological determinants and physical constraints in terrestrial and aquatic habitats", Global Change Biol. 2001, 7, 849-882. 〕 Given the scale of this process, it is understandable that RuBisCO is the most abundant protein on earth.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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